In the late 1920s, with the establishment of the Jinggangshan base area and the "reddening" movement, the ranks of the Chinese workers 'and peasants' Red Army were rapidly expanding, and the necessity of uniform garment apparel in terms of operations and management also became increasingly apparent. March 1929 Changting Changling Walled After World War I, the Former Fourth Front Army to boost morale, decided to rush 4,000 sets of regular Red Army uniforms, so that the Red Army for the first time in a military uniform clothing. When General Zhu mentioned these sewing machines, he was even cordial with many voices. In March 1929, after the First War of Changling Village, the Red Army and the Fourth Liberation Army liberated the rural areas of Changting City and the surrounding areas in the west of Fujian Province. At that time, Changting had a population of about 20000 with rich resources and rich merchants. Handicrafts are located in urban and rural areas and have a good economic foundation. After the liberation of Changting, the Red Army had confiscated the property of more than 10 reactionary gentry families and raised wages and salaries to businessmen above the capital of 1,000 and raised a total of more than 50,000 yuan. "The provision of food is no longer a problem, and the morale is very encouraging." The former Red Army Army Party Committee decided to give each of the commanders four Koyo pay. At the same time, taking into account that the Red Army since its inception, "uniforms" a wide range of quite shabby, in urgent need of replacement. The former committee decided to use these pay and Changting good sewing, printing and dyeing conditions, rush to make 4000 sets of uniform. Changting secret union to assist the Red Army logistics supply department to buy cloth. At that time there was no gray cloth in the shop, and the logistics and supply department contacted Dyebuh Square to help the cloth be dyed gray. Then the scattered tailor workers and a tailor-factory specializing in military uniform were organized to form the Red Army Temporary clothing factory (later developed into the Soviet Union was clothing factory). Due to the tight schedule, the large quantity, the small number of workers, the insufficient machines, the temporary clothing factory was operated in two shifts and the shift was completed in eight hours a day. At that time, there were more than 20 tailor-craftsmen and 12 sewing machines. Uniform style uniform with the Soviet Red Army uniform (Zhongshan style, there are two pockets) and Lenin worn the octagonal hat style sewn, and then in the military uniform collar stitched two red cloth collar, octagonal cap sewn five corners star. Since this time coincided with the fifth anniversary of Lenin's death, in memory of Lenin's great achievements, the Former Red Army's Fourth Front Committee decided to impress on the red collar of the 4000 sets of gray military uniforms, marking the memorial. This is the only Red Shirt in the history of the Red Army. In his book The Great Path, American writer Stuart Treit wrote: "When General Zhu remembered these sewing machines, he was even gratified." General Chu Teh said: "These machines are very important to us because Until then, all the clothes on my body were hand-stitched, but now we finally have the first regular Red Army uniforms, the colors of the new uniforms are gray, and each has a leg and a red cap "It is not as beautiful as a foreign military uniform, but for us it is really incomparable." "Red Army soldiers wearing new military uniforms, increased their morale and held a grand military parade in Nanzhai Square to tidy and mighty Military capacity, accept Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi and other leaders review. Mao Tse-tung once made a speech, in which he said: "The two red-collar badges on the red army uniform's neckline represent the red flags on both sides." Chen Yi explained the color of military uniform: "Gray-blue represents the sky, ocean, indigo's mountains and vast land "This is the first time the Red Army has unified clothing within the scope of a military force. More than 30 years later, during the Hangzhou Conference in June 1965, Mao Tse-tung saw Luo Rui-qing in his new uniform and was taking notes seriously. He laughed and said: "The new uniforms of Luo's son are specially made. Luo Ruiqing smiled embarrassed, said: Chairman of what I know. Mao Zedong said with a smile: I remember that in 1929, Changting was laid and a large number of gray cloths were seized. Each of the Red Army troops made a set of gray military uniforms and the same five-star red cap (cap badge) as today. The eldest son heard in Longyan, specifically ran over to wear uniform. He Zizhen said to him, as long as you are dressed, I hit the report to send you two sets. Mao Zedong went on to say that Luo had adopted a large uniformed test and could not wear it and tried on that one set of his body and wanted to steal my clothes! Mao Zedong's humorous words attracted Chen Yi laughed. Chen Yi went on to say that Luo Changzi really tried on the chairman of the set, a try is still too small. Shortly after the Red Army was put on the new military uniform, various units in the Central Soviet Area successively put on such designs of military uniforms. After 1932, the uniforms of the Red Army dress basically tended to be more or less the same. The coat is gray tunic; military cap is octagonal cap, cap badge is red cloth five-pointed star; military coat is legislation lapel, four with a cap buckle Ming pocket, neckline decorated with a red cloth collar; Suit trousers, leggings. However, due to the constraints of economic conditions, the uniform of the Red Army uniforms, although gradually uniform, fabric, color is not the same. The color of the Red Army clothing is mostly gray, but there are different colors. More typical is the Red Army Corps uniform: red seven divisions for the gray uniforms, red eight division for the blue uniform, red nine division for the blue uniforms. In December 1931, the 26th Route Army of the Kuomintang uprising in Ningdu, later adapted for the Red Army. Central Military Commission general manager of the garment factory for its production of more than 100 flags and a number of winter wear. At this moment, the leader of the uprising made a request to the Red Army General Command to change the uniform to Lenin. After the study of the Red Army General Command, they agreed to their request to change the style of the Red Army uniforms to jerseys and small lapels. The two small pockets and the tight-fitting Lenin costume were required to be immediately processed by the garment factory for the second year of the summer Dress up actively prepare. After painstaking efforts, when the Red Army attacked Zhangzhou in the spring of 1932, it achieved the plan of setting up two sets of Lenin equipment for each person in the army. This is an episode in the uniform of Red Army clothing. Whether it is the Zhongshan style or the Lenin style has not yet been completely unified. The origins of the octagonal cap The octagonal cap and red five-star, is a symbol of the Red Army, military wear is one of the most prominent part of the military. There are many versions of the origins of the Red Star anise cap, of which at least four are widely circulated. The first argument, mentioned earlier, in March 1929, after the Red Army laid Changting. Killed 4,000 new military uniforms, uniforms style uniform with the Soviet Union Red Army uniforms (Zhongshan style, there are two pockets) and the octagonal hat worn by Lenin style. The second argument is designed by Yin Deming. Yin Deming, born on July 7, 1909 in Mafu Village, Huatian Township, Chaling County, Hunan Province, only spent six months studying at the age of 9, studying tailoring with his uncle. 3 years after the master, with superior technology won the "Yin a cut," the name. In 1929, Yin Deming went to Jinggangshan with Mao Zedong and incorporated guerrillas of Tan Yubao (then commander of the Hunan-Jiangxi guerrillas). At that time, the guerrillas did not have a uniform dress, wearing "old hat" (that is, then the student hat). In February 1930, Tan Yubao, Commander of the Hunan-Jiangxi Guerrillas at the time, held a special meeting on military capacity and sanitation. The main idea was how to make the ranks a "regular army" and hand over the task of making iconic uniforms to Yin Deming. Within three days, Yin Deming, inspired by the eight columns of the Workers 'and Peasants' Revolutionary Army and the local octagonal tower, quickly laid aside the first Red Army anise cap. Tan Yu-holding hat put it down, and even claimed: "great! Great!" Two months later, the county more than two thousand soldiers wear octagonal cap. Within a year, all the workers and peasants' revolutionary armies in China put on the octagonal cap he designed. The third argument is designed by Zhao Pin. After the founding of the Chinese Soviet Republic in November 1931, a Red Army school was established in Ruijin, Red City. In early 1932, Liu Bocheng transferred to the red school principal. When he took office, he saw that when the trainers drawn from the various units were dressed in various kinds and the lines were irregular at the time of the operation or assembly, Zhao Pin-san, the director of the school club, said: "The students are so dressy that they have now established their own country. , You can conditionally produce a uniform uniforms, and I heard you versatile, or a skilled craftsman, you are responsible for the design of a school uniform it! "Zhao Pin three command, carefully pondering, that is still referring to the Soviet Red Army uniforms better, clothes Hedging tight mouth. Well hat, consider Buzanne-style military cap is not suitable for China's southern climate, the other military caps are mostly white army, inconvenience reference. Some students wear that big octagonal hat type is too large, not suitable for Chinese people's body and face. He considered thinking about it and drew many sketch maps of it. He thought that he should still adopt the octagonal style to show that the Red Army is armed by the workers and peasants. However, the hat will be greatly reduced, changed into a small octagonal, so looks like the Chinese figure and face with more. After the clothes were made, students were asked to try on them. After wearing, they felt it was inconvenient to hedge and not suitable for the climate in southern China, so they changed to a cardigan. Finally, do a few sets to let students put on please Liu Baocheng principals to validate. Liu Bo Cheng look very satisfied, immediately instructed to look like this to the school faculty, students make a set of each. The uniform of the new military uniforms of the Red Army students, magnificent and mighty, quickly attracted the attention of the head of the headquarters and the various units. So the Central Soviet Area units have followed the Red Army's school, put on the same standard small octagonal cap new uniform. The fourth argument, the Red Army's cap is Feng Yuxiang hat. Feng Yuxiang broke out in the Central Plains war broke out in 1930, his department was incorporated by Chiang Kai-shek. Feng Yuxiang forced to go abroad "study." Prior to his departure, he quietly put hundreds of thousands of uniforms that he originally intended to reorganize all donated to the Red Army. Since then, the Red Army has its own military uniform, which is the Red Army uniforms marked by the octagonal cap. So many kinds of claims, in the end to which one? To be sure, the star anise Lenin did wear it. Feng Yuxiang's National Army also worn, which can be seen from the photos. Therefore, seeking truth from facts, the octagonal cap is not the Red Army's initiative, which should be borrowed or imitated, and not exactly which one is designed. In 1929 the Red Army's octagonal cap and the 1930 Yin Deming octagonal cap are big octagonal cap, 1931 Zhao Pin San octagonal cap is a small octagonal cap. But in any case, the gray octagonal cap has become a special mark of the Red Army. It is said that once the Red Army hit the White Army an ambush. When it was dark, the Red Army scattered all over the ditch and captured the prisoners on the slopes, mixing with the enemy. Dark, can not see people, how to capture prisoners? The only identifiable sign is the difference between the enemy's military cap and the Red Army. The enemy's cap has a short, hard cap. The Red Hat Cap is long, made of a soft cloth. Therefore, when the Red Army soldiers encountered people they usually held their arms and held each other's guns. (From "Military Uniform History", People's Liberation Army Publishing House published)
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