The key to the reform of the silk reel circulation system is to introduce competition mechanisms

"This year, Qiushi Group only allocated 58.5 tons, which is 1/30 of the total amount needed for the whole year. It is equivalent to a brawny who only gives 30 pounds of rations to 1 pound per month. What is this called? Without reform, the silk industry in Huzhou has no way to develop.” Recently, the author saw in the internal publication of the Zhejiang Silk Road Group “Silk Road News” the words spoken by Fei Lijun, an employee of the Zhejiang Silk Second Plant.

The urgency of reforming the system was not only felt by the staff of the silk reeling factory in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, but also by the silkworm farmers living in the west.

In May of this year, the silkworm farmers in southern Shaanxi will begin to sell their first batch of fresh oysters. As far as the current purchase prices of fresh taro announced by the counties are higher than last year, the silkworm farmers still have doubts. Because according to their past experience in selling out, due to the monopoly of companies in the region to collect and bake, resulting in the pressure to suppress prices from time to time, to sell a price, it is even more difficult. Take Anquan, the first county in the silkworm cultivating silkworm, as an example. The purchase price of fresh taro was 18 yuan per 500g last year, but besides the traffickers, few sericulture households can really enjoy this price.

In fact, in 2001, the country began the reform of the fresh oyster circulation system. The former State Economic and Trade Commission proposed in its "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Silkworm Cocoon Circulation System" issued on June 5, 2001, in accordance with the requirements for the establishment of a socialist market economic system, to further change the government's functions and achieve the separation of government and enterprises; Separated with departments, promoted smooth circulation of silkworm cocoon resources and optimized resource allocation; cultivated and developed the cocoon silk market, established a mechanism for the price of cocoons mainly formed by the market under government control, and played a fundamental role in the allocation of cocoon resources and structural adjustments in the market. Strengthen the cocoon quality and price supervision, safeguard the interests of farmers and operators; promote and improve the integrated management mode of silk, silk, trade, and agriculture based on the company (factory) plus farmers, form a relatively stable cocoon production and sales relationship, and promote the scale of production of sericulture Chemical industry, industrialization, and specialization; Accelerate the technological progress of the silk industry, increase the scientific and technological content and deep processing of silk products, expand the export management rights of production companies, and increase foreign exchange through exports. Through deepening reforms, the silk industry will continue to grow steadily and healthily.

In order to further implement the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Silk Cocoon Circulation System," the promulgation requirements of the "Mexican Silk Circulation Management Measures" dated February 4, 2002, companies and individuals acquired by Xianyang must have fresh cricket acquisition qualification certificates, and Xianye Acquisition Qualification Certificate. The area of ​​the acquisition of Xianyang should be specified and reported to the then State Economic and Trade Commission for the record. It is stipulated that the fresh and dry cocoons of silkworms should be priced by the provincial government or guided by the provincial government. On August 1, 2007, the Ministry of Commerce formulated the "Measurement for the Acquirement of Acnesium Acquisition Qualifications," which was implemented to implement the qualification recognition system for domestic fresh taro.

For various reasons, ten years after the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Silk Cocoon Circulation System" was promulgated, the reform of the silk reel circulation system was still in transition. At this time, the two systems were intertwined, the obstructive role of the old system and the absence of the new system had caused many new problems and new contradictions in the entire industry. At present, the existing environment of the silkworm cocoon acquisition market has, to a certain extent, affected the sustainable, stable, and healthy development of the silkworm industry. In the past, silkworm cocoon implemented “unified acquisition, unified pricing, and unified management”. After the reform, the single acquisition entity was broken. In the absence of management and market-oriented operation, many acquisition entities often competed in disorder and even vicious competition. Individual reason leads to overall irrationality. Everyone has been fighting for the source of their own interests, affecting the quality of silkworm cocoon, resulting in ups and downs in the price of cocoons, which ultimately affected the confidence of enterprises and silkworm farmers.

Through careful analysis, we have found that the central idea of ​​the reform of the reeds circulation system is to solve the problem of income collection and release in circulation management. We have completely collected the right to purchase, that is, the past "unified acquisition, unified pricing, unified management"; and we put the acquisition right, is the market operation, follow the market. If you put it away, it is very likely that there will be ossified results; if you let go, there will be disorderly competition. We spent 10 years in the contradiction between income collection and release. We have not yet come up with a route that satisfies both the silkworm farmers and the reeling companies. It can be seen how difficult it is to grasp and measure the collection and release.

The focus of the reeds circulation system reform is to introduce competition mechanisms. Under the current situation in which silk processing capacity has been surplus, through the expansion of the channels for collecting fresh dried oysters and the introduction of competition mechanisms, enterprises and silkworm farmers will obtain more reasonable interest sharing in the appropriate market competition. This seemingly reasonable approach actually presents multiple problems. First of all, this will make the situation worse, and there will be a phenomenon that the powerful silk enterprises mentioned at the beginning of this article are not eating enough. Secondly, in the process of long-term acquisitions and bids, the scientific evaluation work is difficult to carry out, and the evaluation method has returned to the original hand-assessed visually-explicit price status, and high quality and price cannot be reflected. The processing link cannot be fully classified and acquired according to regulations, and objectively there are conditions such as income collection, reunification, and hair removal, which have adversely affected the improvement and preservation of cockroaches.

And if you implement a unified collection and drying, unified configuration? It is undeniable that the fresh and uniform collection and drying system and the unified configuration have eased the pressure on reeling companies and prevented the disorderly competition in the acquisition market. However, the monopolization of a single entity has also resulted in monopoly operations to a large extent, and the cost of collecting and drying the enterprise is high.

To this day, the pace of the reform of the silk reel circulation system has not stopped, and the question of whether to collect or release the heat is still being discussed. At present, when the government manages the circulation of reeling silks, it focuses on the recognition of acquisition entities. In the "12th Five-Year Development Outline" of the "silk silk industry", it is required to "strictly implement the "Management Measures for Silkworm Species", "Measures for the Acquiring Qualifications for the Acquisition of Fresh Pods," and "the Approval System for the Qualifications of Production and Operation of the National Cocoon and Silk Spinning Enterprises." Gradually cancel the decentralized acquisition of small households, gradually subordinated the acquisition of fresh taro to some powerful leading enterprises. This may be a good path for reform of the silk reel circulation system.