Most fabric production requires warp yarn sizing, which is an important process in the textile processing process, and it is also an extremely critical processing technology. However, in the printing and dyeing process after weaving, all the sizing must be removed from the fabric. Desizing waste liquid is one of the most important pollution sources of printing and dyeing plants. Its COD value is as high as 20,000 to 30,000, and it needs special equipment and measures to deal with it. According to a number of key printing enterprises 5 to 10 years of data analysis, if the proportion of index COD / BOD / SS and other terms, desizing waste accounts for more than 50% of the total pollution printing and dyeing enterprises.
As cotton textiles and printing and dyeing belong to the upstream and downstream industry chains, the prominent problems presented in the printing and dyeing sectors have not attracted enough attention in cotton textile enterprises. The use of green pollution-free environmental protection slurry does present the risk of increased costs. The development of environmental protection slurry involves the field of chemistry and even bio-engineering. Our country's first in this regard is the lack of capital investment and research, and second, the gap in the overall level of technology is still gradually widening.
At present, domestic enterprises use pulps with poor biodegradability and may contain poisonous and harmful substances. The following are roughly the following: Slurry contains carcinogens such as formaldehyde. Formaldehyde, in addition to carcinogenicity to the human body, also affects the human body. The respiratory tract and skin produce a strong irritant, causing respiratory inflammation and dermatitis. Some of the phosphate esters are also listed as carcinogens and appear mainly in the use of phosphorus-containing additives and phosphates in sizing. The slurry contains chlorine, benzene ring-containing organics, and most of the chlorides, such as ****, tetrachlorophenol, and 2-naphthol. These chlorides are discharged into sewage after desizing, and they produce bioaccumulation after contact with the human body, causing teratogenic and carcinogenic hazards to the human body. Harmful heavy metals are also often detected in the slurry. It is mainly introduced in the chemical raw materials used in the manufacture of the slurry, especially when using unqualified chemical test aids to produce the slurry. For example, impurities in chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite, phosphate, urea, and the like used in making the modified starch slurry. Some heavy metal salts in contact with the human body, once absorbed by the body, it will in the liver, bone, kidney, heart and brain accumulation, causing great harm to health to a certain extent. Contained in the slurry nonbiodegradable materials, such as the PVA is well known, as well as certain surfactants, also more difficult and some acrylic syrup biodegradable, it will harm the environment. Slurry produces abnormal odors. Abnormal odors are mainly caused by chemicals that can irritate the skin and mucous membranes, causing conjunctivitis and dermatitis, etc., which are often found in acrylic syrups.
It is worth pointing out that at present, there are not a large number of sizing materials that can stand the test of "Ecology Mark" in the domestic market, which makes it very difficult for the textile industry to control the pollution from the source.
The environmental protection slurry should have the following conditions: it is harmless to the human body, has no pollution to the environment, and can be naturally degraded during its production of raw materials, production of slurry, application of sizing, treatment of desizing discharge liquid, and use of textiles and clothing. This is a whole process from production, processing to application. Green paste should be able to pass the "Eco-textiles" HJBZ30-2000 standard (ie the international Oko-Tex-Standard 100 standard) published by China. This standard specifies the limit value of harmful substances on textiles. Therefore, it will be used in cotton textile companies in the future. It is stipulated in the inspection that there are toxic and hazardous substances in the slurry, and that the BOD and COD of the slurry and their ratios will be the basic conditions for industry self-regulation. However, the companies that do so are rare.
Of course, China's textile science and technology workers sizing with polyacrylic acid copolymers and high-performance modified starch in the sizing of cotton fabrics has basically achieved no or little use of PVA, but this is far from enough, and the pollution caused by the current pure starch slurry It is also very serious.
In addition to satisfying the technical and technical requirements for warp sizing, the green sizing we expect must meet the following requirements: whether the raw materials used for the sizing should meet the requirements of the ecological standards; the sizing does not include the environmental label. 》The listed irrelevant substances; slurry should not emit harmful gases and harmful volatiles when sizing; the fabric after desizing and scouring should be free from harmful and toxic substances such as formaldehyde and chlorine; waste should have high biodegradability easily decomposed or treated; the consumption of energy, water should be as little as possible; pulp plant should have an overall level of expertise quality assurance system.
About the author: Han Shihong, professor and master tutor of Wuhan University of Textiles, has deep theoretical research and practical experience in textile sizing technology, textile slurry development and application.
As cotton textiles and printing and dyeing belong to the upstream and downstream industry chains, the prominent problems presented in the printing and dyeing sectors have not attracted enough attention in cotton textile enterprises. The use of green pollution-free environmental protection slurry does present the risk of increased costs. The development of environmental protection slurry involves the field of chemistry and even bio-engineering. Our country's first in this regard is the lack of capital investment and research, and second, the gap in the overall level of technology is still gradually widening.
At present, domestic enterprises use pulps with poor biodegradability and may contain poisonous and harmful substances. The following are roughly the following: Slurry contains carcinogens such as formaldehyde. Formaldehyde, in addition to carcinogenicity to the human body, also affects the human body. The respiratory tract and skin produce a strong irritant, causing respiratory inflammation and dermatitis. Some of the phosphate esters are also listed as carcinogens and appear mainly in the use of phosphorus-containing additives and phosphates in sizing. The slurry contains chlorine, benzene ring-containing organics, and most of the chlorides, such as ****, tetrachlorophenol, and 2-naphthol. These chlorides are discharged into sewage after desizing, and they produce bioaccumulation after contact with the human body, causing teratogenic and carcinogenic hazards to the human body. Harmful heavy metals are also often detected in the slurry. It is mainly introduced in the chemical raw materials used in the manufacture of the slurry, especially when using unqualified chemical test aids to produce the slurry. For example, impurities in chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite, phosphate, urea, and the like used in making the modified starch slurry. Some heavy metal salts in contact with the human body, once absorbed by the body, it will in the liver, bone, kidney, heart and brain accumulation, causing great harm to health to a certain extent. Contained in the slurry nonbiodegradable materials, such as the PVA is well known, as well as certain surfactants, also more difficult and some acrylic syrup biodegradable, it will harm the environment. Slurry produces abnormal odors. Abnormal odors are mainly caused by chemicals that can irritate the skin and mucous membranes, causing conjunctivitis and dermatitis, etc., which are often found in acrylic syrups.
It is worth pointing out that at present, there are not a large number of sizing materials that can stand the test of "Ecology Mark" in the domestic market, which makes it very difficult for the textile industry to control the pollution from the source.
The environmental protection slurry should have the following conditions: it is harmless to the human body, has no pollution to the environment, and can be naturally degraded during its production of raw materials, production of slurry, application of sizing, treatment of desizing discharge liquid, and use of textiles and clothing. This is a whole process from production, processing to application. Green paste should be able to pass the "Eco-textiles" HJBZ30-2000 standard (ie the international Oko-Tex-Standard 100 standard) published by China. This standard specifies the limit value of harmful substances on textiles. Therefore, it will be used in cotton textile companies in the future. It is stipulated in the inspection that there are toxic and hazardous substances in the slurry, and that the BOD and COD of the slurry and their ratios will be the basic conditions for industry self-regulation. However, the companies that do so are rare.
Of course, China's textile science and technology workers sizing with polyacrylic acid copolymers and high-performance modified starch in the sizing of cotton fabrics has basically achieved no or little use of PVA, but this is far from enough, and the pollution caused by the current pure starch slurry It is also very serious.
In addition to satisfying the technical and technical requirements for warp sizing, the green sizing we expect must meet the following requirements: whether the raw materials used for the sizing should meet the requirements of the ecological standards; the sizing does not include the environmental label. 》The listed irrelevant substances; slurry should not emit harmful gases and harmful volatiles when sizing; the fabric after desizing and scouring should be free from harmful and toxic substances such as formaldehyde and chlorine; waste should have high biodegradability easily decomposed or treated; the consumption of energy, water should be as little as possible; pulp plant should have an overall level of expertise quality assurance system.
About the author: Han Shihong, professor and master tutor of Wuhan University of Textiles, has deep theoretical research and practical experience in textile sizing technology, textile slurry development and application.
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