Very practical ten categories of jewelry identification methods

diamond

Identification of diamonds: Diamonds are the hardest substance in natural materials. Diamonds can be used to engrave any other gemstone, but any other gemstone can not scratch the diamond. It can also be scored with a “standard hardness tester”. Any hardness less than 9 degrees is a fake diamond. Diamonds are also lipophilic. For example, a pen draws a line on the surface of a diamond to form a continuous straight line, while other gemstones have intermittent lines. The above methods have certain reference value in the identification of diamonds. It can also be observed through a 10x magnifying glass. Under a 10x magnifying glass, most diamonds can be seen in the form of a triangular growth pattern. The surface of the diamond has a "fire" light of "red, orange, blue". shining. The most accurate and reliable method is to use the "thermal conductivity meter" to measure the thermal conductivity data to distinguish between true and false diamonds, but the "thermal conductivity meter" is more expensive.

Identification of diamonds

Since diamonds are noble and luxurious jewellery, it is not uncommon to replace them with cheap gems, artificial gems and even glass on the market. The common types of fake diamonds are as follows:

1 Zircon: Very similar to diamonds, it is the best substitute for diamonds. The identification method is that zircon has a polarizing property and a large birefringence. When the processed zircon facet is observed with a magnifying glass of 10 times, it can be seen that the bottom ridge has obvious double when viewed from the top of the face. Shadow, and diamonds have no double shadows.

2 glass: the refractive index of glass is very low, there is no flashing color of the diamond; especially when it sinks into the water, the glass products are all radiant, and immediately reveal the horse's feet.

3 Soviet diamond: namely cubic zirconia, which was first developed by the Soviets, hence the name. The Soviet diamond is an artificial compound, but it is very close to natural diamonds in terms of dispersion and refractive index, and it also has a seductive appearance of "fire". But its hardness is low (8.5), which can be distinguished from diamonds. And the thermal conductivity is much lower than that of diamonds, which can be identified by “thermal conductivity meter” and accurately distinguished.

4 Crystal: Although the crystal is a natural mineral transparent crystal, it is processed like diamond, but lacks the colored light of diamond.

ruby

Identification of rubies: Natural gemstones are “ten red and nine cracks”, and natural rubies without any cracks and cracks are extremely rare. The artificial ruby ​​has the same color, and the internal defects or crystal inclusions are small, clean, and the block is large. As a precious gemstone, natural rubies over 3 carats on the market are rare. If you encounter a large piece of ruby, you should pay attention because natural rubies are worth a thousand times more than artificial rubies. If you are negligent, you will "taking medicine." Natural ruby ​​has a strong "dichroic", so-called dichroism, that is, there are two shades of red and orange in different directions. If there is only one color, it may be red spinel, garnet or red glass. Wait. Red spinel is very similar to natural ruby, and the two are the most confusing, so they must be especially careful.

sapphire

Identification of sapphire: Natural sapphires tend to be uneven in color, and most have flat growth patterns. The artificial sapphire has the same color, and its growth pattern is a curved belt, which often shows crumb-like or bead-like bubbles in the body. Natural sapphire also has a distinct dichroism, which is blue in one direction and blue-green in the other. The coloration of other gemstones is different from that of natural sapphires and can be distinguished accordingly. In addition, the easiest method is to use the hardness method. Natural sapphire can mark the topaz, while other blue stones are difficult to mark on the topaz. Therefore, when buying jewelry, if there is no instrument around, just have a piece of topaz. Sometimes it can solve some problems.

Emerald

Identification of emeralds: In nature, there are many types of green transparent gemstones similar to emeralds. The more common ones are jade, tourmaline, fluorite, olivine, garnet and zircon. The appearance is similar to emerald and it is easy to be confused. Tourmaline, fluorite and jade. Observed by the naked eye, the green jade is generally translucent, often with interwoven fibrous plaque structure, and the high quality emerald is transparent and crystal clear. Emerald has a hardness of 7.5-8, while fluorite has a low hardness of only 4. Emeralds have a smaller proportion, while fluorite, tourmaline and jadeite have a larger proportion. Zircon is strong in color and has a distinct double shadow. In addition, there are artificial emeralds, green glass, etc. similar to natural emeralds. The biggest difference between them is that most of the natural emeralds have cockroaches or inclusions and are visible in dichroism. Of course, it is necessary to strictly and correctly distinguish the best use of refractometers, polarizers and other identification instruments.

Cat's eye

Identification of cat's eye: In recent years, there has been a glass fiber cat eye ring sale on the market, which is set on a gold or silver ring. The method of identification is that when the ring is turned, the curved tip of the fake cat's eye can have several bands at the same time, and only one of the real cat eyes. The fake cat's eye line is dull, and the real cat's eye line is flexible. The color of the real cat's eye is mostly brown or light green, and the fake cat's eye has various colors, such as red, blue and green.

Opal

Opal identification: Opal can be divided into black opal, white opal, yellow opal, etc. according to its color, among which black opal has the highest price. In order to improve the price of white or yellow opal at a lower price, some people use artificial methods to make them discolored and become "black opal" to gain high profits. The main method is to boil or inject plastic to make the white opal black. The method of identification is that the opal weight of the sugar-smelting or injection molding is significantly different, and the specific gravity value is lighter when tested in water. The heated opal can also be used to test the injection opal. The natural opal hot needle can not be inserted, the injection opal can be plunged, and the plastic scent can be produced.

Tourmaline

The identification of tourmaline: tourmaline is a mid-range gemstone, but because of the more expensive pink and fresh blue tourmaline, there are also fakes. There are two common types of common imitation products, one is artificial coloring with colorless tourmaline; the other is processed with red glass. The method of identification is that the true tourmaline often has obvious dichroism, and the double shadow is visible; the tubular wrap or cotton batt is visible in the body, and the cross section of the crystal is a triangular triangle. These characteristics are not found in the imitation goods. The tourmaline dyed by the workers is not difficult to identify because of the color stagnation and the lack of natural tourmaline.

crystal

Identification of crystal: Natural crystal is clear and transparent, often containing cloud-like, star-like or flocculent gas-liquid inclusions, and often has micro-cracks. In addition, the natural crystal is polarized, and the phenomenon of twin crystals, such as a crystal sphere, can be seen from the top to the bottom. Synthetic crystal or glass products, the body is pure, no cracks, there are often small bubbles inside. The sphere looks from top to bottom and does not see the double shadow of the lines below. By hand recognition, you can feel that the proportion of synthetic crystal is greater than natural crystal; natural crystal has a cold feeling, while glass has a warm feeling.

Peridot

Identification of olivine : Peridot is a medium-low-grade gemstone with greenish yellowish, olive-like, and the most common on the market is olivine counterfeit made of tinted glass. The main difference between the two is that the olivine has obvious "double shadow", but the glass does not; the olivine is often seen in the crystalline inclusions, the glass contains only bubbles; the olivine has a specific gravity of 3.5 and a hardness of 7, which is better than glass. Both the specific gravity (2.6) and the hardness (6) are large.

pearl

Identification of pearls : pearls are divided into natural pearls and cultured pearls. Cultured pearls are divided into seawater pearls and freshwater pearls. Natural pearls are produced in small quantities and expensive; while cultured pearls can be produced in large quantities, so the price is much lower. The main difference between the two is that there are no cores in natural pearls and cultured pearls. The core of natural pearls is often just some sand or parasites, not even nuclear. The core of the cultured pearl is a large bead made by hand, so the outer wrap is thin. On the surface of the body, natural pearls are random due to their growth environment, and the foreign matter in the nucleus rarely rolls, and its shape is poorly rounded. The cultured pearl core is rounded, so the roundness after pearling is better. Due to the long growth time of natural pearls, the texture is fine after being pearlized, the bead layer is thick, the epidermis is smooth, there are few “bulls” and it is relatively transparent. Cultured pearls have short beading, so the bead layer is thin, the texture is rough, the gloss is "wax", and the surface often has some concave and convex "small bubbles", and the transparency is also poor. If it is a perforated pearl, carefully observe the inside of the hole with a magnifying glass. If it is a cultured pearl, it can generally be seen that there is a brown boundary line in the bead, which is the boundary line between the placed inner core and the later developed nacre.

At present, imitation pearls are often found on the market. They are usually made of glass beads coated with fish scale powder or silver powder. The gloss is obviously different from that of real pearls, and the weight is not the same. It can be recognized by a little experience. If you have a nail or a knife, immediately reveal the true face of the mountain.

To identify pearls, there are some experiences in the jewelry industry, which are as follows:

1 If it is a string of pearls, its color, size, shape, luster, etc. are exactly the same, that is, artificial pearls. Because true pearls can't be consistent anyway.

2 The pearl of the true pearl is like a rainbow, full of color, very beautiful. Fake pearls are monotonous because of their surface coating, and there is no rainbow color of five colors.

3 Yingguang perspective, the true pearl transparency is good, the fake pearl has poor transparency.

4 Through the feel, the real pearl has a cool and cool feeling, while the fake pearl is often warm.

5 Observed with a 10x magnifying glass, the surface of the real pearl can see its growth texture, the fake pearl has no growth texture, only the coating.

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