In the 1980s, people have been engaged in the research of fabric anti-mite antibacterial finishing. In Germany, Herst started to produce anti-caries agent MITE, and in Switzerland Santized company launched the fabric anti-caries agent Acitiguard AM87-12. In Australia, ATCP launched the anti-caries agent Healthguard. In Japan, anti-mite anti-bacterial fabrics have achieved industrial production. At the same time, Japanese merchants have processed anti-mite anti-bacterial fabrics in the form of anti-mite anti-bacterial agents in China. Some merchants require direct processing of three-piece bedding sets, antibacterial and anti-mite garments. In China, mass production of anti-caries agents and anti-mite antibacterial fabrics have been supplied to domestic and foreign markets.

There are three main types of textile anti-mite methods: one is to prevent the locusts from multiplying, such as the killing method and the trapping method. The second is not to let the locusts approach, such as the repellent method. The third is not to invade the mites, such as the blocking method. The killing method is an important preventive measure. Among them, the sun, heating, electromagnetic waves, infrared rays and the like can dry the fabric and destroy the living conditions of the mites. It will die when its water content is below 10%. Chemical killing is also important, such as the use of pyrethrum extract isobornyl, dehydroacetic acid, aromatic carbonate, diphenyl ether and the like. The trapping method is to induce the mites and then kill them. This kind of temptation is characterized by sexual attraction, temptation, spawning and pheromone attraction. The repellent method is to use a repellent, which is a substance having an odor and taste that is fearful of aphids, such as the use of a repellent phenylamide aromatic carboxylate and β-naphthol. The third method of blocking is to use dense fabrics to prevent passage of mites, and in some cases to use repellents to further enhance this blocking effect.

As with other functional fabrics, the techniques for imparting tamper resistance to textiles are also diverse. The methods for producing tamper resistant fabrics include functional fiber methods, fabric finishing methods, and high density fabric methods. The details are described below.

First, the functional fiber method

In this method, an anti-caries finishing agent is added to a fiber-forming polymer, and after spinning, an anti-caries fiber is produced.

By this method, the fiber material can be imparted with anti-caries properties. There are two specific methods: one is to add anti-mite finishing agent in the polymerization process of the polymer, and then to spin; the other is to make anti-mite masterbatch, and then mix with the polymer slice, in the polymer The anti-caries finishing agent is added to the fibers during the spinning process to chemically modify the fibers. Develop a method of using anti-mite fiber and anti-mite cotton.

For example, the anti-caries finishing agent SCJ-999 is mixed with a polyester polymer chip to obtain a polymer (including SCJ-999 1-3%) constituting a skin component. On the other hand, polyethylene terephthalate is used as a core component, and after being melt-spun and spun together with the polymer constituting the skin component, heat treatment is further carried out at 125 ° C for 20 minutes to obtain an anti-caries effect. Composite fiber of sheath-core structure.

Japan Bell Textile Co., Ltd. uses acrylic fiber as the substrate, and when it is in a gel state, it is coated with various anti-mite finishing agents (benzamide compound, pyrethrum, diphenyl ether or organic phosphorus) to make the anti-mite finishing agent enter the surface of the fiber. Underneath, it has improved its anti-mite. Disan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. produced anti-mite fibers by heat-drawing the undrawn polyester yarn after anti-mite treatment. Japan Toray Co., Ltd. has been successful in developing anti-mite materials. The anti-mite polyester fiber “Kepach-f” and the anti-mite mattress “CLINIC FUTON” are its series. The anti-caries agent used in "Kepach-f" is a mixture of a specific quaternary ammonium salt compound and a specific pyrethrum extract. The "CLINIC FUTON" developed with "Kepach-f" and high-density fabrics enjoys a high reputation in the Japanese market. Developers have published a paper on the effect of this sputum in the 25th Japan Children's Allergy Society. The study was conducted in 22 families involved in childhood asthma, using "CLINIC FUTON" bedding and 100% polyester bedding, which were tested by children and their siblings and parents. The trial was conducted in the same room. The conditions of drying and storage are the same, and picking is carried out before and after use. As a result, the number of mites on the "CLINIC FUTON" was 90% less than that of the comparative sample, which proved its mites.

In addition, it is reported that some people will graft copper ions by chemical reaction on the acrylic fiber, and attach the X-GL golden C19H24N3+O group to obtain the modified fiber and graft the acrylic fiber by chemical reaction in the same way. The copper ion and the modified fiber obtained by connecting the X-GB blue C20H24N3+O group and other fibers are mixed together, and subjected to a treatment process such as opening and laying, to obtain a non-woven fabric having a tamper-proof effect.

Now Beijing Jieer Shuang High-Tech Co., Ltd. has developed a highly effective anti-mite antibacterial agent and anti-mite antibacterial masterbatch for polypropylene and polyester fibers. The anti-mite and antibacterial double-effect anti-mite antibacterial viscose filaments were successfully developed by using the anti-caries agent SCJ-998. The fiber was tested by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and the Chinese People's Liberation Army Military Medical Research Institute and other authoritative testing institutions. Excellent anti-mite and anti-bacterial properties: the aphid repellent rate is over 99.9%, and the antibacterial rate is over 99.9%. At the same time, the fiber also has good safety, durability and post-processability.

Blend-resistant chemical fibers are often blended with natural fibers to balance the comfort and tamper resistance of natural fibers. However, the pretreatment of ordinary natural fabrics generally requires a process such as caustic soda refining, chlorine-oxygen double bleaching, and strong alkali mercerizing. Since the anti-caries finishing agent used may not be resistant to acid, alkali or oxidation, reduction, etc., the anti-caries fibers and fabrics produced therefrom have some special requirements for the dyeing and finishing process. This requires that in the dyeing and finishing process, it is necessary to consider both the anti-mite effect and the characteristics of anti-mite fiber and fabric. Otherwise, it will directly affect the anti-mite effect of the anti-mite fabric. In order to ensure the anti-mite effect of the product, it is usually treated with anti-mite antibacterial agent SCJ-998 to obtain the anti-mite and antibacterial effect.

Second, the fabric finishing method

The human body constantly produces fluid secretions in the form of sweat, oil, and skin detachment, providing the best breeding ground for organic microorganisms on the skin. The ideal environment for microbial growth between fabric and skin - moist and warm. Aphids can multiply tens of thousands without paying attention, resulting in reduced hygiene, unpleasant odors caused by microbial metabolism, and even skin infections. Textiles are generally washed at 60 ° C, and even if they are carefully washed, they look clean, but at this temperature the aphids and germs still survive. The antibacterial and anti-mite treatment agent used has an antibacterial and anti-mite effect, and deprives the aphids and bacteria of nourishing conditions, so that it cannot be propagated.

Anti-mite finishing is a process in which the fabric is treated with an anti-caries agent to provide a tamper-proof property and keep the textile clean and hygienic. Its purpose is not only to keep the fabric clean, but more importantly, to prevent infectious diseases, to ensure the safety and health of the human body and to wear comfortably, to reduce the cross-infection rate of the public environment, and to make the fabric a new function of health care. The anti-mite finishing fabric can be widely used in people's underwear, towels, bath towels, bed sheets, duvet covers, blankets, decorative fabrics, carpets, air filter materials, etc., and has great social benefits.

Fabric anti-mite finishing technology is an edge technology that combines modern medicine, fine chemicals and new dyeing and finishing technologies. The key issue is how to design and synthesize the molecular structure of the mothproofing agent from the chemical aspect; to study the effect and safety of the anti-caries agent from the medical aspect; to solve the combination of anti-caries agent and fiber from the dyeing and finishing aspect and The fastness, strength, whiteness and permeability of the fabric. The Japanese paid special attention to the issue of flood control, and began to develop anti-mite fabrics in the 1980s. Various products have been put on the market. The anti-mite fabrics developed by Toray and Toyo Textile have good results. Beijing Jieer Shuang High-Tech Co., Ltd. is the only manufacturer in China to mass produce fabric anti-caries agent. The test results of domestic authoritative testing institutions show that the fabric after anti-mite anti-bacterial finishing is non-toxic and has no allergic reaction to the skin. The repellent rate of dust mites, leather mites and mites is more than 93%, and the repellent rate of washing 50 times is more than 85%, which has obvious effects on preventing skin itching and asthma.

The anti-smashing finishing method is to post-finish the fabric with the anti-mite finishing agent to achieve the anti-caries effect. This is a conventional technique, which is sprayed, padded, coated, etc. The key to this technology is the choice of anti-caries finishing agent and the preparation of the finishing agent. The anti-caries agent is filled into the microcapsules, and the film-forming material such as resin can be bonded to the fabric, and the anti-caries agent and the organosiloxane are made into a coating liquid, which is more convenient to use. Examples of the anti-caries agent include phenylamide, naphthol-based compound isobornyl, and ethyl thiocyanate, and plant substances such as pyrethrum extract, eucalyptus oil, and persimmon.

In addition, the anti-caries finishing agent is dissolved in the "shale tar A" solvent, and the sorbic acid sol 2942S, heptane sol 100 and calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate are used as emulsifiers, and fully stirred into a uniform anti-caries finishing agent. Emulsion. This anti-caries finishing agent emulsion is mixed with a latex liquid of a polyacrylonitrile resin, a polyester resin, and a polyurethane to obtain an anti-caries treatment liquid. The anti-caries treatment liquid is treated as follows: the cotton cloth and the polyester/cotton (65:35) blended fabric are immersed in the anti-caries treatment liquid, and dried by a rolling mill until the liquid-liquid ratio is 80%, and then at 80 ° C. It was dried for 5 minutes and finally heat treated at 130 ° C for 1 minute. After such treatment, the fiber and its fabric can be imparted with a good anti-mite effect.

It is also described that the emulsion of the isocyanurate acetate and the emulsion of the polyester copolymer can be treated in the same bath to obtain a durable anti-caries effect. The polyester interpolymer is emulsified and dispersed in water by a nonionic or anionic surfactant to form an emulsion. The isocyanurate acetate as a tamper-proof finishing agent is emulsified and dispersed in water by a nonionic or anionic surfactant to form an emulsion. The polyester fabric was heat-treated at 180 ° C for 2-4 minutes after being padded (with a liquid ratio of 80%) and dried (100 ° C) to improve the washing resistance of the anti-caries effect.

Santized Company of Switzerland developed the anti-wrinkle and anti-mite finishing process for garments. The finishing sequence is fabric garment processing, pre-treatment washing (yield washing), drying (cloth pH 6-7), impregnating anti-wrinkle liquid (pH 5±0.5), Dehydration (60-80% humidity), drying (100-110 ° C or less, 10-20% humidity), styling pressing (140 ° C 20 s), inspection before baking oven, furnace baking (145, 155 ° C × 5, 15min), cooling and packaging. Then carry out anti-mite treatment, and finally cool and package. At present, the most widely used anti-caries agent in China is SCJ-999 and anti-mite antibacterial agent SCJ-998 (Beijing Jieer Shuang High-Tech Co., Ltd.), and its application processes are:

A. Anti-caries agent SCJ-999

1. Process recipe:

Concentration (g/l) fabric

Agent

Cotton, silk, wool fabric

Polyester cotton, chemical fiber fabric

Anti-mite finishing agent SCJ-999

20-40

30-60

Low temperature fixing agent SCJ-939

20-40

30-60

2. Process flow:

Impregnation -> dehydration (the solution can be reused)

Fabric drying (70-100 ° C)

Padding finishing solution (rolling rate 70-80%)

—>Bake (140 ° C, 30 seconds, or 120 ° C, 2 minutes) -> finished product

B. Anti-mite antibacterial agent SCJ-998

Test method for flood control effect

Although humans have been studying cockroaches for more than 100 years, the standardization of testing for killing or smashing is indeed a matter of nearly 10 years. At present, the domestic organizations engaged in fabric flood control performance testing include the People's Liberation Army Military Medical Academy, Beijing Jieer Shuang High-Tech Co., Ltd. Locust Laboratory.

The determination of the number of mites on textiles, the traditional method mainly uses electric sweepers to attract mites on textile products (such as mattresses, bedding, carpets, etc.) and counts the number thereof. This method is troublesome, time consuming, and not stable enough. For example, dusting on mats (seats) and blankets, all household vacuum cleaners, the dust removal rate of one vacuum is below 20%, and the dust removal rate of five vacuums is below 60%. This situation is especially noticeable on plush blankets. [17]. To this end, a unified method and standard for rapid regulation should be established. In 1993, based on the investigation of the development of anti-mite fabrics in Japan, the "Aphid Evaluation Method and Standards" was proposed. In 1998, the "Test Method for Repelling Aphids by Anti-mite Fabrics" was proposed, further on aphids, The culture medium, breeding conditions and calculation methods are strictly regulated. In 2003, the Ministry of Agriculture's Family Drug Testing Institute promulgated the “Test Method and Evaluation of Sanitary Insecticide Efficacy Tests”, which included “Test Methods and Evaluation Standards for Anti-Sputum and Drug Repellent Efficacy”. ) Letter No. 45, 2003. The carpet association also proposed a test method for carpets. The anti-mite (worm) test methods for textiles are summarized in Table 5.

Table 5 Test methods for anti-mite of textiles

Evaluation

Evaluation method

experiment method

evaluation standard

Killing mites

Mortality evaluation

Locust breeding method

Mortality rate of 60-90% or more

Residue contact method (clamping method)

More than 90% mortality

Spiral tube method

Mortality rate of 50-90% or more

Repelling locust effects

Evaluation of repellent rate

Osaka Prefecture Public Health Research Institute

Repellent rate of 70-90% or more

Stop intrusion

Repellent rate of 80% or more

Carpet Association Act

Glass tube method

Inducing method

Repellent rate of more than 60%

other

Inhibition of cockroach reproduction rate evaluation

Medium mixing method

Reproduction inhibition rate below 60%

Aphid pass rate evaluation

Pass rate measurement

First, the tested species of mites:

To determine the effect of anti-mites, the sensitivity of the drug should be significantly different, and the aphids that are easily detected from the indoors should be used. Therefore, the aphids available for testing are:

Dermatophagoidae farinae (abbreviation DF)

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (abbreviated as TP)

Chelacaropsis moorei (abbreviated CM)

Second, the flood control test method:

Killing test

As shown in the above table, methods for evaluating the mortality of mites include aphid culture method, residue contact method and spiral tube method. The test conditions for such acaricidal efficacy are simple because it is mandatory to directly contact the test test piece with the test sample, so that the relationship between the amount of the drug and the potency is easily confirmed, and the fluctuation of the test result is small.

1 Locust cultivation method: suitable for determining the anti-mite function of textile products. This method is as shown in the figure below. The tamper-proof fabric is cut into a 6cm diameter disc, placed in the bottom of the culture dish, and a certain number of mites are placed. Only) and the medium were observed under a microscope for a certain period of time to determine the mortality of the mites.

Petri dish aphid medium (100mg)

Anti-mite fabric

Figure 8 Locust cultivation method

2 residue contact method: also known as the clip method, as shown in the following figure, the filter paper is treated with a medicament, cut into a certain size, folded into 10 × 10cm paper, 30 locusts are placed in the middle, and the three sides are clamped with a clip to prevent The mites escaped, and then, after standing for 24 hours at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 75%, the mortality of the mites was measured. This method is suitable for the evaluation of anti-caries agents, as well as for quilts and sheets, and is the most basic killing test method prescribed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan.

3 spiral tube method: It is to prepare a glass spiral tube with a capacity of 5 ml, put 200 mg of anti-caries sample, put a certain amount of aphids and medium, and measure the mortality of aphids after a certain time.

2. Flood test method

The method of evaluating the locust repellent rate includes the Osaka Prefecture Public Health Research Institute Law, the Intrusion Prevention Law, the Carpet Association Law, and the Glass Tube Method. This type of repellent efficacy test is determined by the action of the mites, and the test conditions are likely to affect the test results. There are many factors affecting the effectiveness, and the relationship between the dose and the efficacy of the flood control cannot be accurately expressed, so there is volatility.

1 As shown in Figure 5, the Osaka Public Health Research Institute Law, this method is suitable for thin fabrics such as face, bed sheets, and non-woven fabrics. Place seven plastic dishes (4 cm in inner diameter and 0.6 cm in height) as shown in the figure. Make sure that the walls of the seven dishes are in contact with each other and then place them on the adhesive cardboard to fix the position. The drug-treated and unmedicated (control) fibers or fabrics were placed at intervals around 6 dishes to cover the bottom of the dish and reached a thickness of about 0.4 cm, each of which was placed with a sheet of paper having a diameter of about 2 cm. 0.05g of test insects were placed on the paper sheets. Put about 5,000 test insects in the center dish. Put the above hard cardboard into the rack of the medium-sized flat-bottomed container. As shown in Figure 6, the bottom of the flat-bottomed container is filled with saturated cotton saturated with saturated saline. The rack is placed on the absorbent cotton to prevent the hard cardboard from getting wet. And then cover the container. The flat-bottomed container was placed in an incubator at 25 ° C to maintain a container temperature of 25 ± 1 ° C, a relative humidity of 75%, and culture for 24 hours. After the constant temperature treatment, the surrounding six dishes were taken out, and then the number of mites was measured by the saline floating method, and the repellent rate was calculated by the following formula.

Repellent rate = [1- (total number of mites on the sample / total number of mites on unfinished samples)] × 100%

2 to prevent intrusion, this method is suitable for the evaluation of carpet anti-mite function. Take the size of two plastic Petri dishes as shown below. The outer diameter of the large dish is 90mm, the height is 15mm, the outer diameter of the small dish is 35mm, and the height is 10mm. A medium containing 10,000 mites was placed in the dish and evenly distributed. Place a small dish in the middle, place the cut anti-mite carpet sample in the small dish and put the powder feed (no aphids), and adjust the humidity to 75% RH with saline solution. The number of live aphids was counted in a thermostat at 25 ± 1 ° C in a dark condition for 24 hours. The same test was carried out by the same test using the comparative sample. Considering the fluctuation of the test, it is repeated 5 times, and the repellent rate is calculated from the total value of the live sputum of each test.

Repellent rate (%) = (number of mites in the control area - number of mites in the test area) / number of mites in the control area. For the comparative sample, if the number of mites does not exceed 1000, this test is invalid.

Aphid medium

Large Petri dish small Petri dish Anti-mite fabric powder feed (0.05g)

Figure 12 Blocking intrusion

3 glass tube method, this method is suitable for the evaluation of anti-mite cotton. This method is as shown in the figure, taking a length of 100mm, a wall thickness of 1mm, an inner diameter of 20mm glass tube, one side of the tape paper, evenly attached 0.01 grams of powder feed, successively stuffed into 0.025 grams of unprocessed cotton (thickness 5mm) And 0.04 g of tamper-resistant cotton (20 mm thick); put 10,000 aphids within 40 mm at the other end, and seal the port with high-density fabric. This glass tube was allowed to stand under full dark conditions of 25 ° C and (75 ± 5)% RH for 48 hours to determine the repellent rate.

Glass tube powder feed

Aphid medium

Anti-mite cotton

High density fabric cover unprocessed cotton

Figure 13 Glass tube method

The method for evaluating the anti-caries property of the fabric further comprises determining the aphid proliferation inhibition rate by the medium mixing method and determining the pass rate by the aphid passing method. The latter is relatively simple. The former test is to take two Petri dishes with an inner diameter of 3.3cm and a height of 1cm, respectively, and put them into the tamper-proof fabric and the contrast test. The uniform mites medium 100mg and 100 mites are distributed separately, and placed at 25°C and 75% RH. After the time, the number of aphids on both samples was measured, and the rate of inhibition of proliferation was determined.

Third, durability test method

Anti-mite fibers and anti-mite fabrics must have durability. Methods for detecting the durability of the tamper resistance include a water washing method and an accelerated test method. The washing method is to measure the anti-caries effect after the treatment of the anti-caries fiber and the fabric thereof by a predetermined number of times according to a certain washing condition (refer to JIS L 0217 103). The accelerated test method is to carry out an accelerated test under certain processing conditions, such as under sunlight, at a temperature of 81 ° C for 48 hours, or with a light fastness tester (carbon arc lamp) at 63 ° C. Under treatment for 80 hours and so on.

[China Antibacterial Fabric Network ]