The Great Hall of the People is the main venue for the party and the state to hold various important, large-scale, domestic and international activities. It was built in 1959 with a total construction area of ​​more than 170,000 square meters. In recent years, most of the halls of the Great Hall of the People have been renovated and rebuilt one or more times, making it look new. A leader once said that seeing the changes in the Great Hall of the People saw the changes in China.
This article only discusses and exchanges the optimization design of the light distribution lighting in the auditorium of the small auditorium.
1 Project Overview The Small Hall of the Great Hall of the People is the venue for the party and state leaders to hold important meetings at medium and small scales. After 40 years of use, its functions, decoration, electrical, lighting, air conditioning, and stage equipment have all aged and fallen, and there are also serious The safety hazard (the ceiling and the wall are all wood structure plastering) have not met the requirements for use. The renovation design began in 1999, and the renovation project was completed in October 2000. The remodeled small auditorium has various modern functions, advanced technology, comfortable and beautiful, elegant and luxurious. It can be used for important small and medium-sized international conferences (multi-channel simultaneous interpretation, large size, high definition and high on both sides of the stage) Brightness, multi-function display), cultural performances (with music pool), film screenings (with widescreen projection equipment and DTS sound system) are modern state-level halls.
After the completion of the project, it was widely praised by the national leaders and professional and non-professionals, and won: () * Beijing Survey and Design Association "," Beijing Building Decoration Association "outstanding" outstanding architectural design award.
Masterpiece Award* China Building Decoration Association “issued the 'Decorative Design Awardâ€
The architectural decoration of this project was designed by Professor Wang Wei of Tsinghua University's School of Architecture. The lighting, strong and weak electricity and fire alarms were designed by the author.
2 Introduction to architectural decoration design 68m2, auditorium area There is a VIP lounge on the east side of the auditorium and a VIP restroom.
There is a mezzanine between the lounge and the second floor, and six simultaneous interpretation rooms and their control rooms, interpreter lounges and slap chambers are set up; the north side mezzanine is the new shadow lighting control room, and the west side of the gap is also set with the same elevation. There is a sandwich to house the otoscope room.
On the second floor of the auditorium, there is a screening room, a power distribution dimming room and a sound reinforcement room. The second floor on the east side is a equipment room.
The two sides of the stage are divided into two floors. The lower floor is equipped with a video room and a new shadow room. The upper layer is the left and right channel speaker room and the new shadow room.
The center of the stage is equipped with a center channel speaker room and a light room.
On the south side of the stage are a dressing room, a waiter's studio, a restroom and an attached room.
There is a activity pool at the front of the stage.
The appearance of the above parts is shown in the photo 1 4 small auditorium auditorium light distribution design 41 design illuminance determination of a country's economic strength can be seen from the illuminance standards.
Table i The importance of illuminance in some countries in different periods and in the same period of time. The importance of room-type 3 light distribution. With the improvement of people's understanding and living standards, modern lighting technology and design play an increasingly important role in architecture and decoration. Decorative effect. Lighting design can create a beautiful and comfortable light environment for people to feel warm and peaceful. It can also create a mysterious, horrible, lively, solemn, floating and other feelings through the use of light. For example, even if there is very little background on the stage, only a combination of various colors of light, such as color temperature, shape, position, size, intensity, and projection angle, can create a variety of atmospheres, giving viewers a variety of feelings and Lenovo, the expression of the plot and even the display of the inner world of the characters play an irreplaceable role in other means; in the art world, considerable experience has been accumulated through long-term practice and research.
Foreign countries have considerable experience in the use of light in various occasions, but the construction of light environment such as architecture and decoration in China is still in a relatively backward state. Even some “model streets†spend huge amounts of money but design the lights as light bulb manufacturers. The aging pipeline..., full of glare, some of the light is even stunned, and almost nothing is dark because the pupils narrow the lights that people see except these places. Such a light environment can make people feel restless, unable to enjoy the beauty and tranquility of the night, and can not walk and walk on the streets after dinner, can only withstand the "live" of the lights rushed past. The author believes that this is completely a kind of light pollution, and it is a failed lighting design.
For example, in the jewellery counters in the mall, we will see a variety of exhibits that are crystal clear, sparkling, and some also emit colorful light; as the viewing angle changes, the luminous points, light colors, and light intensity also change. Thousands are extremely beautiful. These beautiful products will make consumers have a strong desire to buy, and when we bring these jewels and jewelry home in ordinary places, their beautiful light is greatly reduced, which is the great role of counter design. It is a very successful example.
The above can be seen the importance of light distribution design. As people's living standards and cognitive levels improve, they will place higher demands on the light environment. Designers must go ahead.
It can be seen from Table 1 that with the development of China's economy, the illuminance standards have also increased accordingly, but China still has a gap with developed countries.
China’s illumination standard for the General Assembly Hall and the International Conference Hall is 300. According to the gap between the illumination standards of China and developed countries, the importance of the small auditorium, the actual value of the illumination of other halls at the current stage of the General Assembly Hall, and the ability to enter the small auditorium In front of the brightest, the demand for brilliance and solemnity, the design standard of the auditorium of the auditorium is determined to be 800~1000Lux. The choice of 42 color temperature is to create a warm, peaceful, intimate and solemn atmosphere of the auditorium. The color temperature is 3200K. In order to facilitate dimming control The incandescent light source should be used, which will also get a high color rendering Ra (color rendering index) of 97. 43 Improve energy efficiency 2 The halls all use incandescent light sources, according to the decorative design and the illuminance design standard determined in 41 It can be calculated that the required electric power is about 350 KW, so that the heat generated by the large lighting electricity is not easily tolerated by the air conditioning system, and even if the room temperature is lowered, the heat radiation will make the viewer feel uncomfortable. Its high electricity bill, the addition of incandescent one-time investment, and the cooling capacity of air-conditioning systems have made this solution difficult to adopt.
According to the project, there are many lighting fixtures, obvious partitions, and the requirements for dimming. The downlights used as the main lighting are analyzed and calculated. GE's compact energy-saving lamp source is used for step-by-step dimming of the shunt sequence switch. The crystal combination lamp, decorative lighting, ceiling lamp, wall slot lamp and niche lamp in the middle of the ceiling are all used for stepless dimming.
Under the premise of meeting the requirements of illumination, color rendering and overall dimming effect, the total power load is reduced from 350KW to about 140KW, 210KW (60%) is used less, and the air conditioning load is also greatly reduced. ..., greatly improving the overall economy and comfort.
Table 2 GE's compact energy-saving lamps. Domestic incandescent lamp performance meter light source model rated power initial lumen life color temperature color rendering size (mm) length (L) diameter () domestic incandescent lamp from the table can be seen in the case of the same initial lumens compact energy-saving lamps only consume electricity 1/5 of the incandescent lamp, and the life is 10 times that of the incandescent lamp, and its color temperature, color rendering, geometric size, etc. meet the design requirements. This project selects two kinds of energy-saving lamps listed in Table 2, and adopts imported high-frequency electronic ballasts with high power factor, low harmonic content, high reliability and fast start-up. Because of high working frequency, even moving objects are not flickering. The phenomenon occurs.
5 lighting control 51 lighting control mode selection energy-saving lamps are cold light sources, not suitable for ordinary voltage regulation method dimming, so other methods must be used to achieve dimming purposes. Since the decorative ceiling adopts a circular arc to transition to the east and west walls (see photo 3, 2), and these downlights are the main light sources, these downlights are divided into 7 branches according to the inner and outer rings, and the thyristor dimming cabinet is used. For the on and off control, the dimming is not performed, and the other parts are divided into 35 routing thyristor dimming cabinets according to the position to make stepless dimming control (see, 2). Because the most exquisite part of the small auditorium is the wall of the double-sided wall and the inner and outer light troughs (see photo 3 of the cover 3) and the large crystal lamp set in the center of the top (see photo 3 of the cover 3) in order to highlight the artistic effect of these parts, the audience The opening procedure of the hall is to first open the double-sided wall chandeliers, trough lights and wall lamps from black to brightest. When the brightness reaches 75%, the central crystal lamp set is turned from black to brightest, and all incandescent lamps are adjusted. After the brightest, the auditorium has reached 200~300Lux. The eyes have been adapted. At this time, the 7-way downlights are turned on one by one to maximize the brightness (see dimming and switching order). The process of turning off the lights before the show is completely opposite to the process of turning on the lights. This kind of dimming method can hardly feel the part after the audience is not deliberately observed. The dimming order also makes the most exquisite part of the wall before the show. Slowly extinguished, this part is slowly lit up at the end of the performance, so that the performance of the show always gives people the most beautiful feeling and deep impression, which greatly highlights the decorative beauty of this part, which is unforgettable for a long time.
Implementation of the 52 lighting control mode The performance lighting, conference lights and auditorium lights of the small auditorium are all controlled by the power distribution dimming room. A total of 327 roads are all made by the domestic all-digital intelligent dimming in the power distribution dimming room. The cabinet has a maximum load of 6KW per channel (to improve the safety of use, the design power is generally not more than 4KW), the dimming range is 1~100%. The product has powerful functions and high reliability. The opening and closing procedures described in 5.1 are all It has been stored in the dimming station.
6 technical details processing bookmark7 in order to achieve the best results, optimized in some special parts of the light distribution.
In order to meet the safety standards of the Great Hall of the People and prevent the bulb from exploding and falling, a stainless steel safety net is designed in each downlight.
In combination with the needs of the decoration, the project has made a variety of luminaire designs. The 8 large-sized downlights in the middle of the photo 1 play the role of main lighting and decorative change points. It requires a large diameter, uniform surface light, and the position of the auditorium is as close as possible to the light source. In the lower part of it, a bidirectional 60mm wide aluminum grating is arranged so that the light source can only be seen directly underneath. Since the surface of the grating is sandblasted and oxidized, the surface of the lamp is soft and uniform, and the electric light source used is a double helix designed for the conference hall. Incandescent lamps have higher luminous efficiency and longer life.
Since the ceiling and the wall are curved, if the barrel is embedded in the conventional way, the axis points directly to the middle of the auditorium, causing glare. To solve this problem, a “transition tube†is designed, which makes all the cylinder axes vertical. ground. After this treatment, the problem of glare is solved, and the opening of the lamp on the ceiling is gradually changed from a circular shape in the middle to a large ellipse having a large cylinder depth, and the sensation of a large number of equiaxed layouts of a large number of downlights is broken. A mysterious feeling.
In the middle of the ceiling, large-scale crystal combination lamps imported from Austria are used, and the luminous flux cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, four 1000W incandescent downlights are arranged on each side of the ceiling, which is used as an important light source in the central area to enhance the artistic effect and improve the ceiling brightness in this area. Under each lamp, a crystal glass garland is set, the main light is shot from the ring, and a small part of the light is emitted to the ring and then reflected to the top. It has been proved that this measure not only solves the problem of the top dark but also improves the artistic effect.
This project has been carefully designed and processed in many details, and will not be described in detail here.
The measured illuminance of the ergonomics: the illumination in the middle of the auditorium is 1200 Lux, the surrounding is 970 Lux, the illumination is uniform, the color rendering, color temperature, lighting stability, overall dimming performance meet the design requirements, and the overall effect is satisfactory.
Economic development, national opening, and improvement of cultural quality will place higher demands on engineering design. Designers should absorb and adopt new technologies at any time, not relying entirely on “standard maps†and “conventional practicesâ€, and strive to innovate with low The cost of designing a good project requires a lot of work.
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