1. International Trade refers to the exchange of goods, services and intellectual property among countries of the world. It is a manifestation of the division of labor between countries and reflects the economic interdependence of countries around the world.
2. Foreign Trade (foreign trade), also known as "foreign trade" or "import and export trade", refers to the exchange of goods and services between one country (region) and another country (region). This trade consists of two parts, import and export. For countries (regions) that import goods or services, they are imports; for countries (regions) that export goods or services, they are exports.
3. General Trade is the symmetry of “special tradeâ€, which refers to the import and export trade divided by the national border. All goods entering the country are listed as total imports; all goods leaving the country are listed as total exports. Exports of domestic products and exports of unprocessed imports are also included in the total exports. The total import value plus total exports is the total trade volume of a country.
4. Special rade is the symmetry of “total trade†and refers to the import and export trade divided by the customs territory. Only goods entering the customs territory from foreign countries and goods entering the customs territory from bonded warehouses are classified as special imports. When foreign goods enter the country, they are temporarily stored in bonded warehouses and have not entered the customs territory. They are not classified as special imports. Domestic products that are shipped out of the country from the customs and goods that have been processed and shipped out of customs are classified as special exports. The special import amount plus special export amount is called the special trade amount.
5. Direct Trade is the symmetry of “indirect tradeâ€, which refers to the act of directly selling goods in the country where the commodity is produced and the country where the commodity is consumed.
6. Indirect Trade (IndirectTrade) is the symmetry of “direct tradeâ€, which refers to the behavior of commodity producing countries and commodity consuming countries to sell and buy goods through third countries. Among them, the producing countries are indirect exports; the consuming countries are indirect imports; the third countries are re-exports.
7. EntrecoteTrade refers to trade between a producing country and a consuming country through a third country. Even if the goods are shipped directly from the producing country to the consuming country, as long as there is no direct trading relationship between the two, The trading relationship between the three countries' re-exporters and the producers and consumers respectively still belongs to the category of re-exports.
8. Re-export refers to the unprocessed manufacture and export of foreign commercial ports, also known as re-export. Re-exports are largely related to the operation of entrepot trade.
9. Terms of trade (TermsofTrade) is also known as the exchange rate or trade parity, that is, the ratio between the export price and the import price, that is, how many imported goods can be exchanged for one unit of export goods. It is calculated using the export price index and the import price index. The formula is: export price index / import price index X100. Based on a certain period of time, first calculate the ratio of import and export prices of the base period and calculate it as 100, and then calculate the ratio of import and export prices in the comparison period, and then compare it with the base period. If it is greater than 100, it indicates that the terms of trade are more favorable than the base period. The benefit is better than the base period; if less than 100, it indicates that the terms of trade are less favorable than the base period, and the exchange benefit is inferior to the base period.
10. The Direction of International Trade, also known as the “International TradebyRegionâ€, is used to indicate the status of the world's continents, countries or regional groups in international trade. Calculating the proportion of countries in international trade can calculate the proportion of countries' imports and exports in the total amount of imports and exports of the world, and can also calculate the proportion of the total import and export volume of each country in the total volume of international trade (the total volume of world imports and exports).
11. The composition of international trade (Composition of International Trade) refers to the composition of major commodities or certain commodities in the entire international trade in a certain period of time, that is, the trade volume of major commodities or certain commodities is compared with the total world trade volume. Expressed in proportion.
12. Value of Foreign Trade (ValueofForeignTrade) is the amount of trade expressed in currency. The total value of goods imported by a country from abroad during a certain period of time is called total import trade or total import value; the total value of goods exported by a country to a foreign country in a certain period of time is called total export trade or total export value. The sum of the two is the total volume of import and export trade or total import and export volume, which is an important indicator reflecting the scale of a country's foreign trade. Generally expressed in the national currency, it is also expressed in the currency that is used internationally. The statistics compiled and published by the United Nations on the value of foreign trade of the world are expressed in US dollars.
13. Rules of origin are the laws, regulations and administrative regulations adopted by States to determine the origin of the goods. The core is the specific criteria for determining the origin of the goods, ie the origin criteria. The rules of origin are an important part of the implementation of the GSP, which includes the origin criteria of the products of the beneficiary country, direct transportation rules and written certification requirements.
14. The Generalized System of Preferences Certificate of Origin is the main document of the GSP. All goods that are exported to countries that are subject to GSP tariffs must provide such certificates of origin as the basis for customs duties for importing countries.
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