The shape of the jade, similar to Yugui, has a flat rectangular shape with a slanted blade at one end and a perforation at the other end. Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty said in the "Said Wen Jie Zi": "The half-guild is ç’‹." The type of ç’‹ is recorded in the "Zhou Li": red scorpion, big scorpion, Chinese scorpion, side scorpion, and gums. We can classify them into three categories: the first type of "Red ç’‹" is the god of the rites of the South; the second type of "big ç’‹, Zhong ç’‹, Bian ç’‹" is used by the celestial priest; the third type of "Lieutenant, The gums are used as a knotter. "Red Oak" is a scorpion made of red jade (agate), a ritual of the god of the south.
Yuxi was first seen in the late Neolithic period. Three pieces of jade were unearthed from the Longshan Cultural Site in Shandong. They are the oldest known jade. Unearthed from the Erlitou Cultural Site, there are jade gingivals, blue-gray, all-body polished, and light and clean. The handle and the body are drilled with a round hole on each side, the blade is sharpened on both sides, the blade is slightly concave, and the two teeth are removed, and the length is 54 cm. The jade unearthed from Erligang is light cyan, with a small posterior part at the back, a slanted blade at the front, dentate protrusions on both sides of the back, and a round hole in the handle. The jade in the Western Zhou Dynasty is relatively rare. The shape is similar to that of the Shang Dynasty. The body is narrow and long, the size is small, the middle is slightly concave, the triangular end edge is long, the tip is short, the rectangular handle, and the parallel teeth are also decorated with parallel lines. . The spring and autumn jade has more shapes, or has a flat strip shape, and has no grain on the plain surface; or the end edge is concave and curved; or the first end is inclined; or the upper and lower ends are slightly beveled, and the sides are slightly curved. One side is like a slanted blade. After the Warring States period, the unearthed jade was almost invisible.
In addition to being used as one of the six devices, Yuxi’s "Zhou Li, Kao Gong Ji" also contains the record of "Da Yu is also like, the princes are hiring women." "Zhou Li·Kao Gong Ji" also contains: "Dayu, the middle of the nine inches, the side of the seven inches, shot four inches, the emperor to patrol." Explain that Yuxi is also the time to worship the mountains and rivers. Dashanchuan uses Dagu, Zhongshangchuan uses Zhongmu, and Xiaochuan uses side borders. If the mountain is sacrificed, the jade will be buried in the ground. If it is Sichuan, it will be thrown into the river. "Zhou Li Dian Duan" contains: "The gums take the military to rule the soldiers." Recently, Hong Kong has also been unearthed from the jade. With the increase in the number, the understanding of the jade is clearer.
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